Wrench



Fgb. 8, 1927- N, sALvccl WRENCH Filed Jan. 31, 1925 I Patented F eb. 8, 1927.

NATALE SALVUCCI,

OF DETROT,-1VICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR'-OF ONE-HALF T0 JOI-IN W. HEADLEY, JR., OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. I

WRENCH.

Application tiled Januaryl, 1925. Serial No. 5,964.'

This invention relates to improvements in wrench constructions.

The primary object ot this invention is the provision of an improved wrench, which is et a relatively simple, and practical nature, which will enable the same to be Auniversally used, `and which embodies an improved construction for quickly and con veniently adjusting the same, over a wide range, without the conventional tedious adjustments.

A further and important object of this invention is the provision of an improved wrench construction capable of a wide range of adjustments merely by use ot' the wrench; the handle functioning as a lever for movement of the jaws in relation to each other as the wrench is applied to an article, suchv as a bolt or a nut, to rotate the same.

A further object oit' this invention is the provision of an improved wrench of the above describedcharacter, which'has a ratchet-like motion, tending to cause the jaws to grip together upon an object at the inter vals between the tightening movements.

Other objects. and advantages of this invention will be apparent during the course ot the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar `reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Figure'l is a side elevation oit' the improved wrench, showing the samegripping a relatively large nuts e Figure 2 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Figure l.

Figure 3` is a bottom edge view `of the improved wrench.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, showing the wrench jaws in a dit'- terently adjusted relation than that illustrated in Figure 1, gripping a relatively vsmall nut or like object.

Figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of a pair of jaws used iny connection with `the wrench.` y v In the drawing, vwherein for the purpose of illustration is shown only a preferredembodiment ot the improved wrench, the letter A may generally designate the improved wrench, which may consist of a pair of rel.- atively movable jaws B and C, which maybe respectively designated male and female wrench jaws; and a lever-handleD.

slow and The jaw B preferably includes the jaw head 10, providing nutengagingface 11. integrally connected with the jaw head 10 are a pair of spaced parallel shanks 13 and 14, providing the space 15 therebetween adaptedto receivev a portion lot the jaw C y to be subsequently described. yEacho'f the Shanks 13 and'14 includes an upper opening 16 transversely` provided through said Shanks, which arein aligning relation; and furthermore each of said Shanks 13 and 14 includes a lowervopening 17, in aligning rei lation with each other ltransversely of saidA j shanlrs. Each of these Shanks 13 and 14 are in rightangledfrelation with respect to the jaw tace 11, and the outer surfaces ot said Shanks are in a plane just inwardly'ot the outer surfaces of the jaw'head 10, providing abrupt stop shoulders 2O adapted to cooperate in limiting the closed movement of the jaws Band C as Awill be readily apparent. At their lower forward corners the Shanks 13 and 14 are conveXly arcuate, as'at 21, somewhat reducing in width the free ends of said Shanks, toffacilitate theirr introduction into grooves provided therefor in the jawC.

Referring to the jaw C, the same includes a jaw head 25, provided with a top nut engaging tace 26. The jaw C furthermore inthe head 25and which body 27 at opposite sides thereotis provided with the guide grooves 28 and 29, disposed at right angles to the jaw tace 26,`and adapted to slidably receive therein the Shanks 13 and 14 respectively ofthe jaw B. At the opposite sides of the aw head 25, the same is inwardly recessed, as atv 30, and transversely through said jaw head 25 from one recessed 'side 30v to the opposite recessed side, an opening or passageway 31 is provided, which is adapted to. receive a pivot pin 32, which` pivotally connects the` lever-handle D to the jaw C,.a nd as will be subsequently described. In the web 35, which constitutes a part oft the jaw body 27 between the grooves 28 and 29, an elongated slot 36 is provided, extending longitudinally` ofthe grooves 28and 29, and parallelwith the run thereof. At the upper corner ot the jaw jC, a lugv 39 `is integrally connected to the body 27, vextending outwardly of the rear surface 40 ofthejaw C; lthe same lbeing provided for a purpose which will be subsequently described.

The lever-handle `D, of 'the improved wrench A preferably includes the relatively long hand engaging body 50, of any approved length, ,which at the forward end thereof is provided with the spaced parallel forwardly extending jaw attaching Shanks or fingers 53 and 54, providing a space 55 tl'ierebetween, adapted to receive portions of the jaws B and C, as will subsequently appear. At their forward ends the fingers or Shanks 53 and 54 are preferably provided with aligning openings 57 and 58 respectively, which are adapted to align with the passageway 31 in the jaw head 25 when the handle D is assembled to the jaw C, for the purpose of receiving the pin 32 therethrough in order to pivotally connect the handle to the jaw C. In this lposition of parts, it `is to be particularly noted that the ends of the handle shanks or fingers 53 and 54 extend into the .recesses 30, as is illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing, and the outer surfaces of the fingers 53 and 54 lie flush with the outer surfaces of the jaw head 25. rThe pin 32 is of any approved character, and at yits outer ends may 'be riveted, or peened over the outer surfaces of the fingers or Shanks 53 and 54, Similar to thatillustrated Iin Figure 2 of the drawing, in order to pivotally connect the handle D Eto the jaw C, in the -relation described. The body'27 of the jaw C, of course, is then disposed in lthe space 55, andthe rear surface 40 of the jaw C is spaced from the lfacing surface 59 of the handle part 50 sufficiently to permit a free i oscillative or pivotal movementof the handle D and jaw C. In this relation of parts,-

the lug 39 disposed just above the top edge of the v,handle fingers or Shanks 53 and 54, for a purpose which will be subsequently mentioned.

Referring to the assembly of the jaws B and C, the Shanks 13 and 14 of the j aw B, are slipped downwardly into the vguide grooves 2S and 29 of the jaw C, and in this position the outer surfaces of the lsaid Shanks 13 and 14 lie flush with the outer surfaces of the botto-ins of the recesses 30, and of course lie flush in sliding engagement against the inside surfaces of the -handle yfingers or Shanks 53 and 54, asis illustrated in Figure 2 of t-he drawing., ln this assemblage of parts the transverse openings 17 and 18 are in position to align with the slot [36 as the jaws B and C are relatively moved away from and 4toward each other.

The handle Shanks 53 and 54 are preferably provided with a pair of transversely aligning slots 66 respectively tlierealong, which extend substantially longitudinally of their respective Shanks or fingers 53 and 54, and the run of which slots 65 and 66 is arranged transversel'yto the run of the slot 36 andthe guide groovesQS and29 of the jaw C. The jaw B is connected for movenientlto the handle D, and to this end a connecting pin is provided, adapted to .extend transm versely through the slot-s 65 and 66; thrrL either the openings 16 and 17; and through the nut G Aillustrated in Figure 1 of the drawing.

lt 'isthus to be noted that the pin70 should be detachable, so that the jaw fC may be selectively connected tothe jaw C and handle D, in the proper relation, thru either the l openings 16 or 17. To this end the pin 70 at one end thereof is provided with an integral enlarged head 71 adapted for abutment at the outer surface of the shank 53, andl at the opposite end thereof is provided with an .i

annular groove 72, adapted to receive a detachable split washer A73, which `when itis in said groove 72 extends circumferentially outwardly to provide a head, in effect, Afor `the pin '70; the outer periphery of said washer J being of greater diameterpthan the width of the slot 66, in order that the pin 7 O may pivotally and'slidably connect the parts of the wrench, without `liability of detachment thereof.

In this relation of the jaws and the handle D, it is to be yparticularly noted that ythe lever-handle D is obtusely arranged with respect to the direction `of movement Vof the jaw B with respect to the jaw C; the obtuse angle occurring between the lhead end `of the jaw B and the upper edgeof theihandle D, which is `considered to Abe'the vmost effective arrangement of parts for the wrench A.

From the foregoing description of the asi Seinblage of the jaws y andl handle -of the wrench A, itis believed that the operation will'be obvious. Assuming the pin 70 to be connected through the openings 17 of the jaw B, the wrench is in position tov engage .relatively large nuts, such as the nut illustrated in Figure 1, and upon the application of pressure on the'handle =D away from the head 10 of the jaw B, the lever-h'andle D will pivotally move on its pin 32 with respect to the jaw C, and will of course urge the pin 70 downwardly along the slot 36 of the jaw B and pull .the shanks 13 and 14, `and consequently the jaw B in direction towards the jaw C, for clamping the heads of the jaws B and C upon the nut G. Upon continued pressure on the handle D lthe jaws will all the .more firmly tend to seat upon the nut G to effectfthe removal or attachment thereof, as the case may be. The slidingy of the pin lill 70 downwardly along the slot 36 is permitted, due to the fact that the handle shanks or fingers 53 and 54; are provided with the slots 65 and 66, which' are transversely arranged to the run of the slot 36. In order to adjustl at one end thereof is secured-in a recess 7 6 inwardly of the top surface 77 of the wrench handle body 50, as bymeans of a screw 78; said leafspring 7 5 extending forwardly along the handle, and arcuating upwardly above the space 55, and at its upper edge engaging at y the under surface 7 9 of the lug 39; the spring 7 5 being normally iexed to urge the handle D in the direction which the same is forcedr during an application for manual operation of the wrench. This tendency of the spring 7 5 is to urge the jaws B and C together into a clamping engagement about the article which is between the jaw faces 11 and 26. The spring therefore gives a ratchet effect to the wrench A, in that at the periods between the appli-cation of pressure for movement of a nut or bolt, the spring 7 5 will take effect to clamp the jaws against the article to be removed or placed, so that the wrench A may be used with an oscillating effect; the

spring 75 making sure that the jaws are inL proper position to grip the nut or bolt as the handle and wrench are swung to a return position.

From the foregoing description of this in vention it is apparent that a novel type of wrench has been provided, in that the parts are relatively simple, and durably and ef- Iiciently assembled to provide a wrench capable of quick adjustment, over a wide range. It will quickly and efliciently grasp the work, with a tendency to tighten the jaws as the application is made upon the handle, and upon release or return movement of the wrench about the nut or bolt, the spring 75 insures thatthe jaws are inproper position to grip the object and prevent their slipping therefrom. Y i

Various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be made to theL form of invention herein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of the invention or t-he scope of the claims.

l: claim:

l. A wrench comprising a jaw structure including a body portion having oppositely disposed guide grooves therealong inwardly of the sides thereof and a laterally extending'j aw head, said body being provided with a slot longitudinally communicating with said grooves, a secondl jaw structure including a jaw head with a pair of spaced parallel shanksprovided with aligning. openingsy therein, said second mentioned jaw structure being adapted to straddle the body portion of the first mentioned jaw structure with the shanks of ythe second mentioned jaw structure slidably retained in the grooves of the body of-the first mentioned jaw structure to align the openings of the second mentioned jaw structure shanks with the slot of'v the first mentionedjaw structure, a handle bifurcated at its forward end to provide a pair of spaced-fingers, means pivotally connecting'said: fingers at their forward ends on .a fixed axis with the 'first mentioned .jaw

structure, and a pin pivotally and slidablyV connected with the fingers of said handle and extending throughthe openings and slot of said jaw structures,whereby lupon oscillatory movement of the handle with, respect to the jaws the latter will be moved toward and away from each other. 1

2. A wrench comprising a jaw structure including a body portionhaving oppositely ifdisposed grooves thei'ealong and a laterally extending jaw head, said body being pro-r vided-with a slot` longitudinally :communicating with said grooves, a second jaw structure including a jaw head with a pair of ffii spaced parallel slianks provided with aligning openings therein, said second mentioned jaw structure being adapted to straddle the body portion of the first mentioned jaw structure vwith the shanks of the second mentioned jawstructure sliding in the grooves of the body of the first mentioned jaw structure to align the openingsof the second mention jaw structure shanks with the slot of the first mentioned jaw'structure, a handle bifurcated at its forward end to provide a pair of spaced fingers, means pivotally connect-- ing said fingers at their forward ends with the first mentioned jaw structure, means piv votally and slidably connecting the fingers of said handle through the openings and slots of said jaw structures1 whereby upon oscillatory movement of the handle with respect to the jaws the latter will be moved toward and away from each other, and spring means associated between the handle and the first mentioned jaw structure normally urging the handle in such direction as to tend to move the jaws into proximate relation.

3. A wrench comprising a jaw provided with a slot therein, a second jaw slidably connected with the first mentioned j aw having transverse openings aligning with the slot, a handleV pivotally connected with the first mentioned jaw and having a slot therein transversely arranged with respect to the slot of the first mentioned jaw and aligning.

'therewith and with the'opening of the secspaced from said .pivotal connection of the handle with said first mentioned jaw whereby upon oscillative movement of the handle with respect to .the first mentioned jaw the pin will ride along said slots and .urge the secondmentioned jaw toward or awayk from the first Amentioned jaw, .and spring means connected between the handle and the first mentioned jaw knormally urging the handle in such relation to said jaws as to cause ,a proximate gripping movement of the jaws with respect to 'each other.

4., In a wrench of the class described the combination of a jawl structure including a body provided with a pair of parallel oppositely disposed straight grooves and including a laterally extending jaw head provided with a transverse opening therethrough, said body being provided with a longitudinally enM tending vslot therethrough, a second jaw structure including` a jaw head anda pair oi' spaced straight parallel shanks provided with a series of transversely aligning openings therethrough adapted to align with said slot when the Shanks of the second mentionedjaw structure are slidably mounted in the grooves of the body of the first mentioned yjaw structure, a wrench handle including a pair of. rspaced fingers, at their ends' provided with aligning openings and inwardly of their ends being provided with a pair of' transversely aligning slots, a pin pivotally mounting the fingers through the openings thereof` and ythrough Athe opening of' the j aw head of the first mentioned structure, and a. pin transversely connected through the aligning slots of the fingers oi said handle and through a `pair of theseries of'openings of the shanks .of said second mentioned jaw-and through the slot of the first mentioned jaw structure whereby to connect the .jaws with the handle so Athat upon movement of the handle the jaws will be proximately moved.

5. lin a wrench the combination of a jaw provided with a shank having a slotftherealong, a second mentioned jaw including a shank having a series of openings adapted to align with said slot, ahandle, means piv-` otally connecting the handle to the first mentioned jaw, and a detachable pin structure pivotally and slidably connecting the handle to any of the openings of said second mentioned jaw and through the slot of the first mentioned jaw.

NATALE sALvUooi.. 

